A container sitting on private property, your own driveway or a cleared construction pad, needs no City permit in Columbus. That is how nearly every delivery here is set up.
In the street it is a different matter, and the City's streets article has two rules that bite. One bars depositing goods, wares, firewood, boxes or other obstructions on any sidewalk, except while material is actually being moved into or out of a building. The other is a night-lighting duty: wherever necessity requires the obstruction of a street or sidewalk, the person placing the obstruction has to fix a lamp or lantern with good and sufficient light at each of the two corners of it, and light it at or before dark. A container in a Columbus street is an obstruction in that sense, so plan for marking and lighting it.
On the collection side Columbus is a licensing city, and the test is clear. A private contractor may not collect, remove, haul or convey solid waste from a household, institution or commercial enterprise in Columbus, Georgia, or dispose of it, without a business license from the consolidated government and a written permit from the department of public health. The application sets out the type of waste, the method of collection, the vehicles and containers to be used, the method of disposal, the disposal location and proof of liability insurance. Helpfully, the same article says a permit issued by the state Environmental Protection Division, whether by rule or otherwise, satisfies the City's permit requirement. The article also expressly allows a contractor to use any size and type of bulk container its equipment will handle, so there is no minimum or maximum container size here.
One more rule is worth knowing before you plan a build. Columbus states that it is not responsible for collecting or hauling construction or demolition waste from private property, and that the contractor, owner, lessee or occupant must remove it. It then adds the teeth: no certificate of occupancy is issued for multi-family, commercial or industrial development until that material is gone. Your account manager will make sure the timing of your last pickup fits your inspection date.